1. Calculation of steering resistance torque
液压转向体系婚配设想，先应计较转向阻力矩。普通地，转向阻力矩分为原地转向阻力矩和行驶转向阻力矩，斟酌到原地转向阻力矩是行驶转向阻力矩的2～3倍，自上料打金鱼 转向体系应按知足实现原地转向力矩请求停止设想。影响汽车转向阻力矩的身分有汽车前轴负荷、轮胎与空中之间的磨擦系数、轮胎气压等。今朝经常利用的经历计较公式：
In the matching design of hydraulic steering system, the steering resistance moment should be calculated first. Generally, the steering resistance moment is divided into in-situ steering resistance moment and driving steering resistance moment. Considering that the in-situ steering resistance moment is 2 ~ 3 times of the driving steering resistance moment, the steering system of the self loading mixer shall be designed to meet the requirements of in-situ steering torque. The factors that affect the steering resistance moment of automobile include the load of automobile front axle, the friction coefficient between tire and ground, tire pressure and so on. Currently commonly used empirical calculation formula:
式中：Mr1——转向阻力矩，N·m；
Where: MR1 - steering resistance moment, n · m;
f ——轮胎与空中磨擦系数，取 0.7；
F - friction coefficient between tire and ground, taken as 0.7;
G1——车辆转向轴轴荷，N；
G1 -- axle load of vehicle steering axle, N;
P——车辆轮胎胎压，kPa。
P -- tire pressure of vehicle tire, kPa.
自上料打金鱼 最大单轴轴荷 75000N，普通任务胎压550kPa，代入数值可得 Mr1= 6462N·m。
Since the maximum single axle load of the charging mixer is 75000n and the normal working tire pressure is 550kpa, the value can be substituted to get MR1 = 6462n · M.
2.2 转向油缸选型及校核
2.2 steering cylinder selection and verification
转向体系设想须要斟酌两种环境，第一种环境，转向油缸随车桥肯定，且受布局限定不能随便转变，现在应计较转向桥载荷，经由进程调剂零件质心，使转向桥载荷在适合的规模内，同时对转向油缸停止校核计较。第二种环境，转向桥所受载荷已肯定，须要对转向油缸停止选型设想，使之适合转向请求。今朝自上料打金鱼 选用林德10t 车桥，油缸机能参数已肯定，先须要对油缸停止校核，参数见表 1。
Two situations need to be considered in the design of the steering system. In the first case, the steering cylinder is determined with the axle and cannot be changed arbitrarily due to structural constraints. At this time, the steering axle load should be calculated, the steering axle load should be within the appropriate range by adjusting the mass center of the whole machine, and the steering cylinder should be checked and calculated at the same time. In the second case, the load on the steering axle has been determined, and the steering cylinder needs to be selected and designed to meet the Steering requirements. At present, Linde 10t axle is selected for the self loading mixer, and the performance parameters of the oil cylinder have been determined. First, the oil cylinder needs to be checked, and the parameters are shown in Table 1.
转向油缸最大推力为
The maximum thrust of steering cylinder is
代入数值，可得 Fmax=76302N
By substituting the value, Fmax = 76302n can be obtained
自上料打金鱼 车桥转向油缸的转向感化力臂随转向角的干系曲线如图3 所示。车桥最大转向角为 32°，由图可知最小力臂 Rmin＝125mm。
The relationship curve between the steering action arm of the axle steering cylinder of the self loading mixer and the steering angle is shown in Fig. 3. The maximum steering angle of the axle is 32 °. It can be seen from the figure that the minimum force arm Rmin = 125mm.
根据转矩公式：Fmax =Mr2 / (Rmin η)
According to the torque formula: Fmax = MR2 / (Rmin) η)
式中：Rmin——小力臂，mm；
Where: Rmin - minimum force arm, mm;
η——转向机器效力，取 0.8；
η—— Steering mechanical efficiency, taken as 0.8;
Mr2 ——转向力矩，N·m。
MR2 -- steering torque, n · M.
代入数值，可得 Mr2=7630.2N·m
By substituting the value, we can get MR2 = 7630.2n · M
根据计较成果 Mr2＞Mr1，知足利用请求。
According to the calculation results, MR2 ＞ MR1, it meets the use requirements.
2.3 转向器排量的肯定
2.3 determination of displacement of steering gear
当转向轮从一个极限地位到另外一个极限地位，标的目的盘转过的圈数n，既要知足行驶工况，避免车轮转向过大致使车身不变性差，又要知足有较少的功课轮回，进步操纵方便性。普通设想中，n=3～5 圈。
When the steering wheel moves from one limit position to another, the number of turns n of the steering wheel should not only meet the driving conditions and prevent the poor stability of the vehicle body caused by excessive steering of the wheel, but also meet the requirements of less work cycles and improve the convenience of operation. In general design, n = 3 ~ 5 cycles.
转向油缸全路程油液体积：V=SA
Full stroke oil volume of steering cylinder: v = SA
式中：S——活塞路程，mm；
Where: s -- piston stroke, mm;
A——油压感化面积，mm2。
A - oil pressure action area, mm2.
代入数值，得出 V=858mL
Substitute the value to obtain v = 858ml
先拔取 n=4，则转向器排量为V/n=858/4=214，对比转向器厂家样本，选用排量为 200mL/r 型号的转向器。
If n = 4 is selected first, the displacement of the steering gear is v / N = 858 / 4 = 214. Compared with the sample of the steering gear manufacturer, the steering gear with a displacement of 200ml / R is selected.
2.4 齿轮泵排量的肯定
2.4 determination of gear pump displacement
转向体系流量：Q=qn
Steering system flow: q = QN
式中：q——转向器排量，mL/r；
Where: Q -- displacement of steering gear, ml / R;
n——标的目的盘转速，取 0.8r/s。
N -- steering wheel speed, taken as 0.8r/s.
代入数值，得出 Q=160mL/s
Substitute the value to get q = 160ml / s
根据策念头怠速状况下阐发，齿轮泵排量
The displacement of the gear pump is analyzed according to the idle state of the engine
qc=60Q/(ndη)
qc=60Q/(nd η)
式中：nd——策念头怠速转速，取750r/min；
Where: Nd -- engine idle speed, taken as 750r / min;
η——转向泵效力，取 0.95。
η—— Steering pump efficiency, taken as 0.95.
代入数值，得出 qc=13.5mL/r
Substitute the value to get QC = 13.5ml/r
现选用齿轮泵排量为 16mL/r，知足利用请求。
The displacement of gear pump is 16ml / R, which meets the use requirements.
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